Marcus Weber of Fluor discusses degassing units for large scale sulphur recovery units, evaluating the pros and cons of various available commercial technologies with the emphasis on mega size sulphur recovery units and focussing on how technology can lower degassing capex via economy of scale for new facilities or existing facilities undergoing expansion.
Biuret is a chemical compound with the chemical formula HN(CONH 2 ) 2 , also known as carbamylurea. It is a commonly occurring undesirable impurity in urea-based fertilisers, as biuret is toxic to plants. Biuret is formed from urea, according to the following overall reaction:
Ammonia has been recognised as an advantageous hydrogen and energy carrier. This article focuses on the use of ammonia as fuel in steam reformers and ammonia crackers in order to reduce or completely eliminate direct CO2 emissions. Ammonia combustion knowledge is especially important for ammonia crackers with respect to the recycling of unconverted ammonia. Air Liquide is constructing an industrial scale pilot plant in Antwerp, planned to be operational in 2024, that will be used to demonstrate ammonia cracking and combustion in a process furnace with a multiple burner configuration.
RNZ Group is positioning itself as the most innovative and sustainable fertilizer producer in the UAE. In partnership with Shell, the company has been manufacturing sulphur-enhanced fertilizers using Thiogro technology since the end of 2022. Raza Soomar , RNZ’s managing director, provides an overview of the company and highlights recent business successes.
As environmental SO2 emission regulations become more stringent, tail gas treating options become limited. To potentially achieve lower opex and improved plot plan, utilising a biological desulphurisation process as an alternative to a conventional amine-based TGT unit is becoming of increased interest in the oil and gas industry. At the same time, demands for increased SRU capacity and reliability favour the use of medium and high-level oxygen enrichment.
We look at current progress towards the greater use of recovered phosphorus, and whether there are lessons to learn from the success of the fast-growing carbon capture industry. We also highlight two pioneering European companies, EasyMining and Glatt, who are racing to bringing recovered phosphorus products to market.
Methanol continues to be a front runner among alternative fuels for the shipping industry. However, concerns remain over the availability and cost of green and blue methanol.
The nickel market has been through a period of unprecedented change over the past few years due to demand for batteries for electric vehicles, with Indonesia becoming a centre for production via high pressure acid leaching.
Toyo Engineering Corporation (TOYO), a global leading engineering contractor, has developed g-Methanol® technology. Methanol, traditionally produced from fossil resources, is now gaining attention for synthesis using carbon dioxide and hydrogen from renewable sources. This article explores methanol synthesis technology and the challenges in utilising renewable energy sources.
As the production of renewable methanol continues to scale up, it will provide a long term, carbon-neutral energy solution to different transport sectors. However, the optimum design parameters for green methanol plants are substantially different to natural gas-based methanol plants and pose new challenges to the methanol loop designer. Connor Longland of Johnson Matthey (JM) discusses the challenges and presents the benefits of the tube cooled converter for e-methanol production.